Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

The Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Exposure to Aflatoxin M₁ in Ultra-High Temperature and Pasteurized Milk in Hamadan Province of Iran: Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Ali Heshmati, Tayebe Ghiasvand; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):228-233. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.05

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Objectives

Aflatoxins are a category of poisonous compounds found in most plants, milk and dairy products. The present research was carried out to detect the presence of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in samples of milk collected from Hamadan province, Iran.

Methods

Twenty five samples of ultra-high temperature (UHT) and 63 samples of pasteurized milk were collected and the amount of AFM₁ was measured by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) of AFM₁ was determined by the following equations:(EDI= mean concentration of AFM₁ × daily consumption of milk/body weight; HI= EDI/Tolerance Daily Intake).

Results

AFM₁ was detected in 21 (84%) UHT milk samples and in 55 (87.30%) pasteurized milk samples. Seven (28%) samples of UHT and 21 (33.33%) pasteurized milk samples had higher AFM₁ content than the limit allowed in the European Union and Iranian National Standard Limits (0.05 μg/kg). None of the samples exceeded the US Food and Drug Administration limit (0.5 μg/kg) for AFM₁. EDI and HI for AM₁ through milk were 0.107 ng/kg body weight/day, and 0.535, respectively.

Conclusion

A significant percentage of milk produced by different factories in Iran (84% of UHT and 87.3% of pasteurized milk) was contaminated with AFM₁. Therefore, more control and monitoring of livestock feeding in dairy companies may help reduce milk contamination with AFM₁. As the HI value was lower than 1, it can be assumed that there was no risk of developing liver cancer due to milk consumption.

Citations

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Seasonal variation and risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin M1 in milk, yoghurt, and cheese samples from Ilam and Lorestan Provinces of Iran
Kousar Aghebatbinyeganeh, Mohammadhosein Movassaghghazani, Mohamed Fathi Abdallah
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis.2024; 128: 106083. CrossRef
Review, meta-analysis and carcinogenic risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 in different types of milks in Iran
Fatemeh Mortezazadeh, Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni
Reviews on Environmental Health.2023; 38(3): 511. CrossRef
Molecular identification and biocontrol of ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A in animal feed marketed in the state of Qatar
Fatma Ali Alsalabi, Zahoor Ul Hassan, Roda F. Al-Thani, Samir Jaoua
Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12835. CrossRef
Risk assessments for the dietary intake aflatoxins in food: A systematic review (2016–2022)
Kiran Bhardwaj, Julie P. Meneely, Simon A. Haughey, Moira Dean, Patrick Wall, Guangtao Zhang, Bob Baker, Christopher T. Elliott
Food Control.2023; 149: 109687. CrossRef
A systematic literature review for aflatoxin M1 of various milk types in Iran: Human health risk assessment, uncertainty, and sensitivity analysis
Tooraj Massahi, Amir Kiani, Kiomars Sharafi, Behzad Karami Matin, Abdullah Khalid Omer, Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh, Jalil Jaafari, Nazir Fattahi
Food Control.2023; 150: 109733. CrossRef
The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi, Amene Nematollahi
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of basil seed and xanthan gum on physicochemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of low‐fat cream cheese
Jalal Portaghi, Ali Heshmati, Mehdi Taheri, Ebrahim Ahmadi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Food Science & Nutrition.2023; 11(10): 6060. CrossRef
Evaluation of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and dairy products by high-performance liquid chromatography in Tehran, Iran
Nazanin SHABANSALMANİ, Mohammadhosein MOVASSAGHGHAZANİ
Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; 27(3): 435. CrossRef
Seasonal Study of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Cow Milk on the Retail Dairy Market in Gorgan, Iran
Hadi Rahimzadeh Barzoki, Hossein Faraji, Somayeh Beirami, Fatemeh Zahra Keramati, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, Zahra Izadi Yazdanaabadi, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad
Dairy.2023; 4(4): 571. CrossRef
Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products: global occurrence and potential decontamination strategies
Khurram Muaz, Muhammad Riaz, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira, Saeed Akhtar, Shinawar Waseem Ali, Habibullah Nadeem, Sungkwon Park, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
Toxin Reviews.2022; 41(2): 588. CrossRef
Feed to fork risk assessment of mycotoxins under climate change influences - recent developments
Rhea Sanjiv Chhaya, John O'Brien, Enda Cummins
Trends in Food Science & Technology.2022; 126: 126. CrossRef
The behavior of aflatoxin M1 during lactic cheese production and storage
Mahtab Einolghozati, Ali Heshmati, Freshteh Mehri
Toxin Reviews.2022; 41(4): 1163. CrossRef
Exposure assessment on aflatoxin M1 from milk and dairy products-relation to public health
Eleni Malissiova, Georgia Soultani, Konstantina Tsokana, Mary Alexandraki, Athanasios Manouras
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2022; 47: 189. CrossRef
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Seyyed Ahmad Mokhtari, Ali Nemati, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Vahid Taefi Ardabili, Anoshirvan Seddigh
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(27): 41429. CrossRef
Brucellosis in Humans with the Approach of Brucella Species Contamination in Unpasteurized Milk and Dairy Products from Hamadan, Iran
Mohammad Mahdi Majzobi, Pejman Karami, Amir Khodavirdipour, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2022; 16(4): 282. CrossRef
Probabilistic modeling and risk characterization of the chronic aflatoxin M1 exposure of Hungarian consumers
Zsuzsa Farkas, Kata Kerekes, Árpád Ambrus, Miklós Süth, Ferenc Peles, Tünde Pusztahelyi, István Pócsi, Attila Nagy, Péter Sipos, Gabriella Miklós, Anna Lőrincz, Szilveszter Csorba, Ákos Bernard Jóźwiak
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in doogh, kefir, and kashk in Hamadan, Iran
Mina KHORSHIDI, Ali HESHMATI, Zahra HADIAN, Slim SMAOUI, Amin MOUSAVI KHANEGHAH
Food Science and Technology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization and mechanism of aflatoxin degradation by a novel strain of Trichoderma reesei CGMCC3.5218
Xiaofeng Yue, Xianfeng Ren, Jiayun Fu, Na Wei, Claudio Altomare, Miriam Haidukowski, Antonio F. Logrieco, Qi Zhang, Peiwu Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ali Heshmati, Fereshteh Mehri, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
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Microchemical Journal.2021; 167: 106326. CrossRef
Prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
F. Mwakosya Hilda, K. Mugula Jovin
African Journal of Microbiology Research.2021; 15(9): 461. CrossRef
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J. Tolosa, Y. Rodríguez-Carrasco, M.J. Ruiz, P. Vila-Donat
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2021; 158: 112661. CrossRef
Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Commercial Milk in Paraguay
Andrea Alejandra Arrúa, Pablo David Arrúa, Juliana Moura-Mendes, Cinthia Cazal, Francisco Paulo Ferreira, Cristhian Javier Grabowski, Horacio Daniel Lopez-Nicora, Danilo Fernández Rios
Journal of Food Protection.2021; 84(12): 2128. CrossRef
The Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Yoghurt Samples from Hamadan, Iran
Ali Heshmati, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Mozaffari Nejad, Tayebeh Ghyasvand
The Open Public Health Journal.2020; 13(1): 512. CrossRef

Natural Infection with Rabies Virus: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Human Brains: Firouzeh Farahtaj, Leila Alizadeh, Alireza Gholami, Alireza Tahamtan, Sadegh Shirian, Maryam Fazeli, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Ali Gorji, Hamid Mahmoudzadeh Niknam, Amir Ghaemi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(1):6-11. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.03

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Despite all the efforts and increased knowledge of rabies, the exact mechanisms of infection and mortality from the rabies virus are not well understood. To understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of rabies virus infection, it is crucial to study the tissue that the rabies virus naturally infects in humans.

Methods

Cerebellum brain tissue from 9 human post mortem cases from Iran, who had been infected with rabies virus, were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to evaluate the innate immune responses against the rabies virus.

Results

Histopathological examination revealed inflammation of the infected cerebellum and immunohistochemical analyses showed an increased immunoreactivity of heat shock protein 70, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caspase-3, caspase-9, toll-like receptor3 and toll-like receptor4 in the infected brain tissue.

Conclusion

These results indicated the involvement of innate immunity in rabies infected human brain tissue, which may aggravate the progression of this deadly disease.

Citations

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Factors that Correlate with Poor Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Complications: Mohammad Haghighatpanah, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Maryam Haghighatpanah, Girish Thunga, Surulivelrajan Mallayasamy; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(4):167-174. Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.05

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153 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Inadequate glycemic control amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) indicates a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression and complications caused by diabetes. Glycemic control is the main therapeutic objective for the prevention of organ damage and other complications arising from diabetes.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study of T2DM patients with complications, who were aged 40 years and older. The study was conducted retrospectively on medical records (in-patient and out-patient) obtained from a South Indian teaching hospital, Manipal, India. The patients included in the study had fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and HbA1c measured at least twice during follow-ups the previous year. Patients’ HbA1c levels were categorized into good control ≤7% (≤53mmol/mol), and poor control >7% (>53mmol/mol), and patients’ characteristics were analyzed.

Results

A total of 657 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 59.67 (SD = 9.617) years, with 152 (23.1%) females and 505 (76.9%) males, and 514 (78.2%) patients had poor glycemic control. Most of the patients were on insulin mono-therapy [n = 271 (42.1%)], about a third of the patients were on combination therapy that included an oral hypoglycemic agent and insulin [n = 236 (36.6%)]. Patients with a history of more than 10 years of diabetes [n = 293 (44.6%)], had a family history of diabetes [n = 256 (39%)] and obesity [n = 95 (14.5%)], all had poor glycemic control.

Conclusion

This present study indicated a significant association of gender (female), age, high-density lipoprotein level, duration of diabetes and type of medication, with poor glycemic control in T2DM patients that had secondary medical complications.

Citations

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